Mic Computed Tomography

Welcome To The Most Effective Online Computed Tomography Training and ARRT CT Registry Exam Prep Resource On The Internet!

• Mic Computed Tomography Registry Review
• Computed Tomography Angiography
• Mic Computed Tomography
• Computed Tomography Terms And Definitions
• Computed Tomography Programs

CTtechBootCamp is like no other Computed Tomography training and CE resource offered today! CTtechBootCamp includes over 14-hours of detailed and engaging video-lessons, 500+ assessment questions with rationals, 280+ pages of digital workbooks, and offers 16-hours of ARRT approved post-secondary structured education credits, or 21-hours of ASRT approved CEs. CTtechBootCamp is ideal for technologists cross-training into Computed Tomography or Registered CT techs needing Computed Tomography specific ASRT approved CEs. CTtechBootCamp can serve as a powerful learning and reference tool for Physicians and Health Care Extenders (PA, RRA, & NP) wanting to increase their knowledge of Computed Tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) can be an exciting and fulfilling career. As a CT technologist, you'll likely work in a hospital or an imaging center. You'll perform scans on all parts of the body for a variety of reasons. Some patients need imaging to diagnose a disease or an acute condition. Siemens Inveon DPET, VisualSonics Ultrasound, photoacoustics, optical luminescence and fluorescence imaging. Real-time, non-invasive imaging in-vivo ex-vivo.

Why CTtechBootCamp Is The Ultimate Online Computed Tomography Training Resource!

Satisfy all required structured education requirements

The CTtechBootCamp online Computed Tomography training resource is comprised of five (5) individual courses. These courses are based on the ARRT CT Registry post-primary pathway requirements outlined by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Each course within CTtechBootCamp is comprised of our unique and engaging video-lessons, digital workbooks, assessments with answer feedback, and final post-course assessments. Our flexible learning environment allows you to learn at your own pace and on any device or computer.

Topics Covered

• CT Basics
• CT Systems
• Data Acquisition
• Image Processing
• Image Display
• Image Post-Processing
• Image Quality
• Image Artifacts
• Informatics
• Final Assessment for 7.25 ASRT approved CE credits

Mic Computed Tomography Registry Review

The Imaging Procedures course is comprised of eight (8) comprehensive modules. This course provides an in-depth review of common scan protocols for all major body systems based on current ACR recommendations. Each protocol includes a discussion of indications, slices parameters, contrast enhancement, algorithms, windowing technique, and common post-processing applications.

Topics Covered:

• Scanning Parameters
• Cranial & Facial Imaging
• Cerebral Imaging
• Spinal Imaging
• Thoracic Imaging
• Cardiovascular Imaging
• Gastrointestinal Imaging
• Genitourinary Imaging
• Final Assessment for 6 approved ASRT CE credits

The Radiation Safety course is comprised of two (2) comprehensive modules. The course includes a thorough review of radiation interactions with matter and the biological effect of ionizing radiation. Learners will also review the fundamental principles of CTDI, DLP, and dose optimization.

Topics Covered:

• Attenuation
• Radiation Interactions
• Biological Effect of Radiation
• CTDI & DLP
• Dose Optimization
• Dose Modulation
• Dose Warning
• Shielding
• Dose Optimization Techniques
• Final assessment for 1.5 ASRT approved CE credits

The Patient Care course is comprised of two (2) comprehensive modules. This course focuses on all major aspects of patient care within computed tomography, with a special focus on contrast administration. Information provided in this course includes laboratory values for contrast-enhanced CT examinations, vital signs, types of CT contrast, placement of intravenous catheters, and contract injection safety.

Topics Covered:

• Vital Signs
• EKG
• Lab Values for Contrast
• Lab Values for Procedures
• Sedation
• Patient Preparation
• Venipuncture
• Venous Access Devices
• Injection Safety
• Contrast Complications
• Special Considerations
• Final Assessment for 1.25 ASRT approved CE credits

The Anatomy & Pathology course includes six (6) comprehensive modules. This course provides a detailed overview of all major anatomy and pathologies visualized within CT imaging. Anatomy is a review for each body section with slice-by-slice explanations for both CT and MRI imaging. Pathologies such as cancer, traumatic injuries, chronic diseases, and idiopathic conditions are all discussed in detail and visualized through multiplane imaging.

Topics Covered:

Byomkesh bakshi story in bengali pdf. Story - Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. Original air date - 20 November 2014 – 14 November 2015; Cast - Gaurav Chakrabarty (Byomkesh Bakshi), Saugata Bandyopadhyay (Ajit Bandyopadhyay), Ridhima Ghosh (Satyabati). Byomkesh Bakshi (ETV Bangla 2014-15).mp4 download. Rokto Mukhi Nila - Byomkesh. Byomkesh Bakshi series all books by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay pdf download free at overtheroadtruckersdispatch.com Byomkesh Bakshi is a famous detective character in Bengali literature created by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. Byomkesh Bakshi has The stories are narrated by Ajit who meets Byomkesh in the book Satyanweshi. BYOMKESH BAKSHI STORIES by SARADINDU BANDOPADHYAY from Flipkart. Com Byomkesh Bakshi made a foray into Bengali fiction in the early 30's, thus. In the early 30s, a detective by the name of Byomkesh Bakshi made an entry into the world of Bengali fiction. This book contains seven of. Ki Hoy Ki Hoy from Byomkesh Bakshi bengali video download www.bengalivideo.net. Byomkesh Bakshi pdf Ebook free download, byomkesh bakshi samagra pdf free download, byomkesh bakshi stories in bengali pdf free download. For your query byomkesh bakshi pdf 37 results found. Byomkesh Bakshi is a famous Bengali detective friction of.

• Overview of CT Anatomy & Pathology
• Cranial & Facial Bones
• Brain
• Spine & Spinal Cord
• Thorax
• Abdominal & Pelvis
• Final Assessment for 5.25 ASRT approved CE credits

There is no other computed tomography training course in the world that offers what is included with CTtechBootCamp!

14+ Hours of Video Tutorials

100's of short and engaging videos lessons builds knowledge over all major computed tomography topics and principles.

500+ Quiz Questions W/ Answer feedback

Post-module quizzes with detailed answer feedback support in build confidence and understanding over key topics and principles.

5 Post-Course Assessments

Post-course assessments provide a cumulative exam over key topics and principles within each CTtechBootCamp course.

All Required Structured Education Credit

Obtain up to 16-hours of ARRT approved CT Structured Education Credits through individual post-course assessments.

250+ Pages of Digital Work Books

Digital workbooks provide case-studies, rationals, and scenario over key computed tomography topics and principles.

21 ASRT Approved CE Credits

Receive up to 21 ASRT approved CE Computed Tomography credits through completing individual post-course assessments.

Start Mastering Computed Tomography Today!

We are so sure you will love CTtechBootCamp that we offer a 30-day 100% money back guarantee on all purchases.

How does a micro-CT scanner work?

What is Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT)?

Micro-CT, and the higher resolution Nano-CT, is like having X-ray vision, only better. It allows you to see the inside of something without having to destroy the object itself. What we typically think of as X-ray vision is similar to planar X-ray images that you get in a hospital when you break an arm. Micro-CT / Nano-CT are more like the medical CT systems where you get slice-by-slice information, but without having to cut up the sample.

With 2D X-ray systems you can see what is in an object, while with 3D X-ray systems, such as the Micro-CT, you can see where those things are located. This is useful for nondestructively visualizing and analyzing the internal structure of materials (composites, metals, bones, soft tissues, geological cores, manufacture objections, etc) and living animals (mice, rats, rabbits, etc).

General Basis of MicroCT

At Micro Photonics, our Micro-CT experts help researchers to select and customize an appropriate instrument for their labs. We provide information, instruments, training, and support to help advance research using these transformative technologies. For more information on our products, lab services, and support, visit www.microphotonics.com/products/micro-ct/.

The following provides a broad overview of Micro-CT:

Computed Tomography Angiography

MicroComputed tomography is an X-ray transmission image technique. X-rays are emitted from an X-ray generator, travel through a sample, and are recorded by a detector on the other side to produce radiograph (known as projection image- Figure 1). The sample is then rotated by a fraction of a degree and another projection image is taken at the new position. This procedure is iterated until the sample has rotated 180 or 360 degrees producing a series of projection images.

The projection images are then processed using computer software (typically based on a modified Feldkamp Cone Beam reconstruction algorithm) to show the internal structure of the object nondestructively. This series of images is typically called the reconstructed images or cross sections (figure 2).

Figure 2 Micro-CT Cross Section

The reconstructed images can then be taken and modeled into 3D volumetric objects for quantitative analysis or visualization (Figure 3).

Figure 3 3D Model of a Micro-CT Scan of a Mandible

The process of Acquiring a MicroCT Scan

If you would like to see how Micro-CT can support your research, we invite you to submit a sample to our lab for a FREE first scan.

If we look at the Micro-CT process in more depth and examine some of the physical aspects, the process can be expanded to four steps:

1) Generate X-rays

2) Transmit X-rays Through the Sample

3) Rotate the Sample to Acquire a Series of Projection Images

4) Reconstruct the Projection Images into Virtual Slices

Generate X-rays

Let's first start by examine the X-ray source. For laboratory CT systems, X-rays are generated by directing electrons produced in a cathode at a target (Tungsten, copper, etc). The target emits x-rays which are then transmitted to the sample. Below is a depiction of the basic anatomy of an X-ray source. For more details on how X-rays are generated see (How Are X-rays Generated). The finer the electron beam can be focused on the target, the smaller the ‘spot' size of the x-rays will be which leads to higher resolution images.

Mic Computed Tomography

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/x-ray+tube

The emitted X-rays are in the shape of a cone where the origination point is a spot on the target and the emitted beam diverges out in a conical shape. Prior to Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress's famous 1984 publication on Practical Cone-Beam Algorithm, X-ray geometries were mostly limited to point or a fan beam. The advantage of a cone is the ability to capture a larger volume in a single scan rotation. (Why is a Large Field of View Important?)

X-ray Absorption Through the Sample

Micro-CT requires that there are both: Partial Absorption, meaning some X-ray photons are absorbed in the material while others are transmitted to the detector, and Differential Absorption, meaning that different materials within the object have different absorption characteristics to give contrast. If there is no differential absorption, the sample result comes out as a uniform gray level.

The X-rays propagate through the sample where some of the X-ray photons are absorbed and others are transmitted to the detector. The general form of X-ray attenuation is:

Where:

I₀ = X-ray intensity before reaching object

I₁ = X-ray intensity after passing through object

Computed Tomography Terms And Definitions

e = the exponential coefficient (2.7182818……….)

μ = the x-ray attenuation coefficient

t = the thickness of the absorbing material, in chosen distance units e.g. mm

The unabsorbed X-rays are recorded by the detector. This produces a single radiographic image similar to an X-ray you would get for a broken bone at the doctor. Just like the doctor's X-ray, denser material (such as a bone) will absorb more X-rays than less dense material (soft tissue). Thicker materials will also absorb more x-rays, which is why 2D x-ray systems aren't used for measuring densities, unless they use more than one energy peak.

If samples are too high in atomic number, the x-rays won't have enough power to pass through the sample and reach the detector. For example, lead stops x-rays so well it is used as a shielding material for the systems but it isn't useful to scan more and a mm or so of lead in an x-ray system. Also, the sample has to be dense enough though to stop some x-rays otherwise it is transparent. Low z materials such as pure Beryllium can be difficult to image due to their low attenuation rates.

Projection image of a Cricket (Image of the Month January 2015)

Topics Covered

• CT Basics
• CT Systems
• Data Acquisition
• Image Processing
• Image Display
• Image Post-Processing
• Image Quality
• Image Artifacts
• Informatics
• Final Assessment for 7.25 ASRT approved CE credits

Mic Computed Tomography Registry Review

The Imaging Procedures course is comprised of eight (8) comprehensive modules. This course provides an in-depth review of common scan protocols for all major body systems based on current ACR recommendations. Each protocol includes a discussion of indications, slices parameters, contrast enhancement, algorithms, windowing technique, and common post-processing applications.

Topics Covered:

• Scanning Parameters
• Cranial & Facial Imaging
• Cerebral Imaging
• Spinal Imaging
• Thoracic Imaging
• Cardiovascular Imaging
• Gastrointestinal Imaging
• Genitourinary Imaging
• Final Assessment for 6 approved ASRT CE credits

The Radiation Safety course is comprised of two (2) comprehensive modules. The course includes a thorough review of radiation interactions with matter and the biological effect of ionizing radiation. Learners will also review the fundamental principles of CTDI, DLP, and dose optimization.

Topics Covered:

• Attenuation
• Radiation Interactions
• Biological Effect of Radiation
• CTDI & DLP
• Dose Optimization
• Dose Modulation
• Dose Warning
• Shielding
• Dose Optimization Techniques
• Final assessment for 1.5 ASRT approved CE credits

The Patient Care course is comprised of two (2) comprehensive modules. This course focuses on all major aspects of patient care within computed tomography, with a special focus on contrast administration. Information provided in this course includes laboratory values for contrast-enhanced CT examinations, vital signs, types of CT contrast, placement of intravenous catheters, and contract injection safety.

Topics Covered:

• Vital Signs
• EKG
• Lab Values for Contrast
• Lab Values for Procedures
• Sedation
• Patient Preparation
• Venipuncture
• Venous Access Devices
• Injection Safety
• Contrast Complications
• Special Considerations
• Final Assessment for 1.25 ASRT approved CE credits

The Anatomy & Pathology course includes six (6) comprehensive modules. This course provides a detailed overview of all major anatomy and pathologies visualized within CT imaging. Anatomy is a review for each body section with slice-by-slice explanations for both CT and MRI imaging. Pathologies such as cancer, traumatic injuries, chronic diseases, and idiopathic conditions are all discussed in detail and visualized through multiplane imaging.

Topics Covered:

Byomkesh bakshi story in bengali pdf. Story - Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. Original air date - 20 November 2014 – 14 November 2015; Cast - Gaurav Chakrabarty (Byomkesh Bakshi), Saugata Bandyopadhyay (Ajit Bandyopadhyay), Ridhima Ghosh (Satyabati). Byomkesh Bakshi (ETV Bangla 2014-15).mp4 download. Rokto Mukhi Nila - Byomkesh. Byomkesh Bakshi series all books by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay pdf download free at overtheroadtruckersdispatch.com Byomkesh Bakshi is a famous detective character in Bengali literature created by Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay. Byomkesh Bakshi has The stories are narrated by Ajit who meets Byomkesh in the book Satyanweshi. BYOMKESH BAKSHI STORIES by SARADINDU BANDOPADHYAY from Flipkart. Com Byomkesh Bakshi made a foray into Bengali fiction in the early 30's, thus. In the early 30s, a detective by the name of Byomkesh Bakshi made an entry into the world of Bengali fiction. This book contains seven of. Ki Hoy Ki Hoy from Byomkesh Bakshi bengali video download www.bengalivideo.net. Byomkesh Bakshi pdf Ebook free download, byomkesh bakshi samagra pdf free download, byomkesh bakshi stories in bengali pdf free download. For your query byomkesh bakshi pdf 37 results found. Byomkesh Bakshi is a famous Bengali detective friction of.

• Overview of CT Anatomy & Pathology
• Cranial & Facial Bones
• Brain
• Spine & Spinal Cord
• Thorax
• Abdominal & Pelvis
• Final Assessment for 5.25 ASRT approved CE credits

There is no other computed tomography training course in the world that offers what is included with CTtechBootCamp!

14+ Hours of Video Tutorials

100's of short and engaging videos lessons builds knowledge over all major computed tomography topics and principles.

500+ Quiz Questions W/ Answer feedback

Post-module quizzes with detailed answer feedback support in build confidence and understanding over key topics and principles.

5 Post-Course Assessments

Post-course assessments provide a cumulative exam over key topics and principles within each CTtechBootCamp course.

All Required Structured Education Credit

Obtain up to 16-hours of ARRT approved CT Structured Education Credits through individual post-course assessments.

250+ Pages of Digital Work Books

Digital workbooks provide case-studies, rationals, and scenario over key computed tomography topics and principles.

21 ASRT Approved CE Credits

Receive up to 21 ASRT approved CE Computed Tomography credits through completing individual post-course assessments.

Start Mastering Computed Tomography Today!

We are so sure you will love CTtechBootCamp that we offer a 30-day 100% money back guarantee on all purchases.

How does a micro-CT scanner work?

What is Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT)?

Micro-CT, and the higher resolution Nano-CT, is like having X-ray vision, only better. It allows you to see the inside of something without having to destroy the object itself. What we typically think of as X-ray vision is similar to planar X-ray images that you get in a hospital when you break an arm. Micro-CT / Nano-CT are more like the medical CT systems where you get slice-by-slice information, but without having to cut up the sample.

With 2D X-ray systems you can see what is in an object, while with 3D X-ray systems, such as the Micro-CT, you can see where those things are located. This is useful for nondestructively visualizing and analyzing the internal structure of materials (composites, metals, bones, soft tissues, geological cores, manufacture objections, etc) and living animals (mice, rats, rabbits, etc).

General Basis of MicroCT

At Micro Photonics, our Micro-CT experts help researchers to select and customize an appropriate instrument for their labs. We provide information, instruments, training, and support to help advance research using these transformative technologies. For more information on our products, lab services, and support, visit www.microphotonics.com/products/micro-ct/.

The following provides a broad overview of Micro-CT:

Computed Tomography Angiography

MicroComputed tomography is an X-ray transmission image technique. X-rays are emitted from an X-ray generator, travel through a sample, and are recorded by a detector on the other side to produce radiograph (known as projection image- Figure 1). The sample is then rotated by a fraction of a degree and another projection image is taken at the new position. This procedure is iterated until the sample has rotated 180 or 360 degrees producing a series of projection images.

The projection images are then processed using computer software (typically based on a modified Feldkamp Cone Beam reconstruction algorithm) to show the internal structure of the object nondestructively. This series of images is typically called the reconstructed images or cross sections (figure 2).

Figure 2 Micro-CT Cross Section

The reconstructed images can then be taken and modeled into 3D volumetric objects for quantitative analysis or visualization (Figure 3).

Figure 3 3D Model of a Micro-CT Scan of a Mandible

The process of Acquiring a MicroCT Scan

If you would like to see how Micro-CT can support your research, we invite you to submit a sample to our lab for a FREE first scan.

If we look at the Micro-CT process in more depth and examine some of the physical aspects, the process can be expanded to four steps:

1) Generate X-rays

2) Transmit X-rays Through the Sample

3) Rotate the Sample to Acquire a Series of Projection Images

4) Reconstruct the Projection Images into Virtual Slices

Generate X-rays

Let's first start by examine the X-ray source. For laboratory CT systems, X-rays are generated by directing electrons produced in a cathode at a target (Tungsten, copper, etc). The target emits x-rays which are then transmitted to the sample. Below is a depiction of the basic anatomy of an X-ray source. For more details on how X-rays are generated see (How Are X-rays Generated). The finer the electron beam can be focused on the target, the smaller the ‘spot' size of the x-rays will be which leads to higher resolution images.

Mic Computed Tomography

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/x-ray+tube

The emitted X-rays are in the shape of a cone where the origination point is a spot on the target and the emitted beam diverges out in a conical shape. Prior to Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress's famous 1984 publication on Practical Cone-Beam Algorithm, X-ray geometries were mostly limited to point or a fan beam. The advantage of a cone is the ability to capture a larger volume in a single scan rotation. (Why is a Large Field of View Important?)

X-ray Absorption Through the Sample

Micro-CT requires that there are both: Partial Absorption, meaning some X-ray photons are absorbed in the material while others are transmitted to the detector, and Differential Absorption, meaning that different materials within the object have different absorption characteristics to give contrast. If there is no differential absorption, the sample result comes out as a uniform gray level.

The X-rays propagate through the sample where some of the X-ray photons are absorbed and others are transmitted to the detector. The general form of X-ray attenuation is:

Where:

I₀ = X-ray intensity before reaching object

I₁ = X-ray intensity after passing through object

Computed Tomography Terms And Definitions

e = the exponential coefficient (2.7182818……….)

μ = the x-ray attenuation coefficient

t = the thickness of the absorbing material, in chosen distance units e.g. mm

The unabsorbed X-rays are recorded by the detector. This produces a single radiographic image similar to an X-ray you would get for a broken bone at the doctor. Just like the doctor's X-ray, denser material (such as a bone) will absorb more X-rays than less dense material (soft tissue). Thicker materials will also absorb more x-rays, which is why 2D x-ray systems aren't used for measuring densities, unless they use more than one energy peak.

If samples are too high in atomic number, the x-rays won't have enough power to pass through the sample and reach the detector. For example, lead stops x-rays so well it is used as a shielding material for the systems but it isn't useful to scan more and a mm or so of lead in an x-ray system. Also, the sample has to be dense enough though to stop some x-rays otherwise it is transparent. Low z materials such as pure Beryllium can be difficult to image due to their low attenuation rates.

Projection image of a Cricket (Image of the Month January 2015)

Rotate the Sample to Acquire a Series of Projection Images

After a projection image is taken, the sample is rotated a fraction of a degree, typical 0.5 degrees or less. (For in vivo scanning, the X-ray source and detector pair are actually rotated. See What is the difference between in vivo and ex vivo scanning). At each step a new projection image is taken. This is done throughout the 360 degree rotation. 180 degrees can be used to shorten the time of the scan as the projection images from 0-180 degrees are the mirror images of the project images from 180-360 degrees. Typically, if you take finer step sizes, the resultant cross-section will be finer as well.

Reconstruct the Projection Images into Virtual Slices

The process of computing the internal structural information from the projection images is known as reconstruction. This procedure results in a stack of reconstruction images (also referred to as 'cross-sectional images' or 'slices'). The most prolific reconstruction algorithm is the Feldkamp, Davis, and Kemp (FDK) cone beam reconstruction algorithm which is a form of filtered backprojection (FDP). These cross-sections can then be used to view the internal features, analyzed, reconstructed into virtual 3D models, made into movies, printed into 3D models and more.

Computed Tomography Programs

Cross sectional images of snow leopard skull (see Image of the Month April 2015)